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Chris Francis

Troubleshooting analog circuits

November 26, 2015 By Chris Francis

common-problem-with-an-opamp-circuit

While you may need to troubleshoot a circuit that used to work and now doesn’t, the emphasis here is how to troubleshoot a design when you have your first PCB made.  While you may be fortunate and everything works perfectly first time, there is often a need for some troubleshooting with a new design.  The […]

Filed Under: Analog ICs, FAQ, Featured, Industry Experts Tagged With: basics, FAQ

Using and interfacing to thermocouples

October 23, 2015 By Chris Francis

thermocouple-image-2

I recently had cause to look again at thermocouples after not having used them for many years.  While they may seem a little old fashioned when you can measure temperature with a simple IC or a complex IC with an I²C or SPI interface such as the Analog Devices ADT7410, thermocouples still have their uses.  […]

Filed Under: Industry Experts, Products Tagged With: basics, FAQ

Specialized semiconductor materials

October 12, 2015 By Chris Francis

Specialized Semiconductor Materials

Early semiconductor devices were based on germanium, although there were others around such as selenium used in rectifiers. Germanium doesn’t need to be as pure as silicon for making devices but has higher leakage and is not so good at high temperatures so silicon has taken over and is the mainstay of current electronics. However, […]

Filed Under: Analog ICs, Industry Experts Tagged With: basics, FAQ

Variable gain amplifiers

July 20, 2015 By Chris Francis

variable gain amplifiers

It is not uncommon to need an adjustable gain in an analog signal processing chain. If the adjustment is manual then it is pretty straightforward — you can use a potentiometer. When you need the adjustment under digital control then it becomes more complicated. If you need a digitally adjustable instrumentation amplifier then there are […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Industry Experts Tagged With: analogdevicesinc, basics, FAQ, lineartechnology, texasinstrumentsinc

Calculating and comparing amplifier noise

June 22, 2015 By Chris Francis

AnalogTH

I was recently presented with the problem of comparing the noise of two alternative designs that were presented to me. Normally that wouldn’t take much sorting out – a few minutes with a SPICE simulator and you would have the answer. That depends on having reliable SPICE models. The first thing I do when embarking […]

Filed Under: Analog ICs, FAQ, Industry Experts, Products Tagged With: basics, commentary, FAQ

Level shifting digital logic signals

February 27, 2015 By Chris Francis

analog-th

In the past digital systems were 5V and analog ones +/-15V or +/-12V. Nowadays analog systems are more likely to be single supply 5V, 3.3V or lower and digital circuitry is likely to be 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, 1.2V or something in between. You might also have LVDS, DDR or other differential or single ended standards […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Featured, Industry Experts, Products, Tools Tagged With: basics, commentary, FAQ

Choosing, using and designing oscillators

October 31, 2014 By Chris Francis

choosing-an-oscillator-image-3

Most electronics today have oscillators in them. Digital circuitry needs a clock. Radio frequency signals require an oscillator or clock. Some analog circuitry also needs a clock or oscillating signal source. If you are using a microcontroller then it might have a built-in clock, although it may not be accurate enough, depending on your application, […]

Filed Under: Clocks & Timing, FAQ, Industry Experts, Products Tagged With: basics, FAQ

How to reduce noise in an electrical circuit

August 24, 2014 By Chris Francis

electrical noise reduction

“Noise” can mean different things to different people. In general it is associated with something unwanted. It could be acoustic noise – background noise. In electronic terms it will generally be an unwanted electrical signal. That may be random or systematic. Either way, it would be a nuisance if the level is high enough to […]

Filed Under: Applications, FAQ, Industry Experts, Tools Tagged With: basics, commentary, FAQ

How not to design analog filters

July 11, 2014 By Chris Francis

analog filters

I thought I would share some of the crimes against filters that I have seen people commit over the years. 2+2=4? So, you have designed a 2 pole Butterworth filter for example and want a 4 pole one so you put two of them together. You have a four pole filter? Yes, but not a […]

Filed Under: FAQ, Industry Experts, Tools Tagged With: basics, commentary, FAQ

Using LTspice for power supply design

June 25, 2014 By Chris Francis

Using LTspice for power supply designTH

Simulation using a SPICE simulator (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) is handy for checking out designs before building them as well as helping to understand designs and circuit problems. You can experiment without blowing anything up! LTspice from Linear Technology is particularly useful as it is free and available to download from their web […]

Filed Under: Industry Experts, Products Tagged With: basics, commentary, FAQ, lineartechnology, texasinstruments

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