pH probes, with their bipolar voltage outputs and high output impedance, need signal conditioning through an analog front end to make them compatible with measurement circuits such as A/D converters. By Marian Hryntsiv, Renesas Electronics People who work in healthcare, food and beverage, water treatment, chemical processing, agriculture, and environmental monitoring rely on pH meters […]
Medical PCB assembly: Know these regulations and standards
by Ken Ghadia, Sales Engineer, TechnoTronix The reliability and safety of Medical PCB assembly are of utmost importance as they directly impact human healthcare. It is one of the most critical applications that demand the best PCB performance. Setting stringent regulatory standards is compulsory in medical device manufacturing. The standards also apply to the printed circuit […]
Current and future PCB fabrication trends you need to know
by Ken Ghadia, Sales Engineer, TechnoTronix PCB fabrication is transforming circuit board design into a physical PCB based on design specifications. It is usually an outsourced activity done by a Contract Manufacturer (CM) who strictly follows the specifications provided by the designer. Certain critical factors like choice of the PCB substrate, layout strategy, surface coating requirements […]
4 free PCB design tools every PCB engineer should use
by Ken Ghadia, Production Manager, TechnoTronix PCB manufacturing process is quite expensive and needs a diligent design tool to be used. There are several PCB designs tools available in the industry for free download. It’s always suggested to use the latest tools available in the market, and the free tool should be simple to use […]
A comprehensive guide to PCB prototype testing
By Arshon Technology For PCB prototype applications, one prerequisite is a must: reliable testing. These early products are built with the sole purpose of testing design ideas to ensure they work for approved use and sale. Be that as it may, PCBs can be unpredictable as there are many parts and patch associations. When electronic […]
Surface Mount Technology and devices – Past and present
By Louis Squeo, Product Manager, Signal Transformer (Bel Group) There is a strong likelihood of at least one PCB on a circuit design inside any product today. Electronic components enable all classes of end-products, providing everything from power conversion to process control. The need for densely populated PCBs is apparent for small and portable devices, […]
Audio filters: Understanding acoustic waves – Part 2
In the previous tutorial, sound waves and their properties were discussed. Now, let’s learn about acoustic waves. Sound waves typically refer to frequencies that are audible to humans, which are in the 20 Hz to 20 kHz range. However, waves with frequencies that are greater than 20 kHz are ultrasonic waves. And, those in the […]
Audio filters: Understanding sound waves – Part 1
Audio electronics is a sector that refers to the circuit design that converts sound into electrical signals or electrical signals back into sound. Together, several circuits form an audio system. An audio system has several functions and, typically, can: Receive audio signals (via a microphone) Record and save audio Transmit audio (through wired or wireless […]
Bug Hunt! Spiraling in on formal coverage closure
By Ping Yeung Ph.D., Principal Engineer, Siemens EDA Many companies have used formal verification to verify complex SoCs [1][2] and safety-critical designs. Using formal verification to confirm design functionalities and uncover functional bugs is emerging as an efficient verification approach. Although formal verification will not handle the complexity of a design at the SoC level, […]
