It is now trivial and non-invasive to measure blood-oxygen saturation SpO2, thanks to LEDs, algorithms, and ICs for pulse oximetry — and it’s a very long way from having to draw blood and send it out for assessment. Just a few decades ago, determining the vital medical parameter known as blood oxygen level — formally […]
Analog Top Talks in October on EDABoard.com forums
Peer-to-peer, engineer-to-engineer questions and answers from the EDABoard.com engineering community around analog ICs and analog design. Click the “Read more” link and follow the entire conversation and maybe add your two cents by logging in to EDAboard.com. Scheme for multiple solid state relays controlled by MCU – I need to control multiple AC mains power terminals […]
Quartz crystals and oscillators, Part 2: Advanced crystals
Part 1 of this FAQ established the context for the quartz crystal as the core of an oscillator whether used as a system clock or as a frequency-setting element in a tuning circuit. This part looks at the achievable performance, the factors that affect it, and what can be done for highest performance. Q: What […]
Quartz crystals and oscillators, Part 1: Crystal basics
An oscillator or clock function is key to nearly all electronic circuits, and in most (but not all) cases, the heart of this oscillator circuit is a tiny piece of quartz, called the crystal blank or slab. It’s easy and commonplace to think of the crystal as a simple component, but as with most components, […]
GPS, Part 2: Implementation
Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basic principles of the GPS system. Part 2 looks at some hardware circuitry used to implement a GPS receiver as well as the unappreciated role that Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity plays in providing an accurate GPS. Q What are the key elements of a GPS receiver? […]
GPS, Part 1: Basic principles
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide, RF wireless-based system for determining where you are anywhere in the Earth’s surface if there is line-of-sight visibility to at least four of its orbiting satellites. The availability of GPS since its inception a few decades ago has not only enabled products and features which were simply […]
Analog Top Talks in September on EDABoard.com forums
Peer-to-peer, engineer-to-engineer questions and answers from the EDABoard.com engineering community around analog ICs and analog design. Click the “Read more” link and follow the entire conversation and maybe add your two cents by logging in to EDAboard.com. Load seen by opamp in non-inverting config – I’ve come across the result that the load seen by an […]
e-Fuses, Part 2: Building or buying an e-Fuse
The electronic fuse is a powerful and versatile tool in the designer’s kit, but building one requires careful selection of the core amplifier; IC embodiments solve the problem. Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basic structure of the electronic fuse or e-fuse. This part looks at the requirements on the current sense amplifier […]
Why use an e-fuse? Part 1
The electronic fuse is a powerful and versatile tool in the designer’s kit, but building one requires careful selection of the core amplifier; IC embodiments solve the problem. The traditional thermal-based fuse, Figure 1, is a low-cost, widely used, well-understood, highly reliable, easy-to-apply circuit- protection component. It is available in a wide range of ratings, […]
20 mA current loops, Part 2: Advanced features
Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basics of the 20-mA current loop, why it is still used extensively, and its primary attributes. In this part, we’ll look at how the analog current loop is used for digitized signals and at self-powered loops – two developments which have extended its life and viability. Q: […]
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