by Jason Kelly, CUI Incremental rotary encoders produce two square wave outputs as they rotate, from which the angular displacement and rotational speed can be calculated. These quadrature outputs let the host system determine the direction of rotation. To calculate speed and angular displacement, the encoder’s resolution – equivalent to the angular displacement represented by […]
Stress & Strain, Part 2: Implications for electronics
The mechanical strain induced on electronic components due to mechanical and thermal stress is an important aspect of their performance consistency and limitations; stress is also used to enable some materials to provide critical electronic functions. Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basic principles and tests for material strain when stress is applied. […]
Stress & Strain, Part 1: Fundamental principles
The mechanical strain induced on electronic components due to mechanical and thermal stress is an important aspect of their performance consistency and limitations; stress is also used to enable some materials provide critical electronic functions. Although electronic systems and circuits invoke intangibles such as voltages, currents, power, EM fields, and Maxwell’s equations — to cite […]
Choosing the right MEMS microphone interface for your project
by Bruce Rose, CUI Inc. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) microphones have been steadily increasing their market share, driven by the surge in popularity of voice-controlled electronics with applications like voice-enabled navigation devices and digital home assistants. But what are the different types of MEMS microphone electrical interfaces available and how do you apply them to your […]
Filters, Part 2: SAW and BAW devices for RF
Part 1 of this FAQ looked at the basic available electronic filters – analog, switched capacitor, and digital – and briefly reviewed the attributes of each. As the frequencies to be filtered reach to 1 GHz and well beyond, while the selectively needed also became narrower, these filter approaches can no longer support many of […]
Filters, Part 1: Analog, switched, and digital filters
Filters are essential functions in most circuits and systems; as frequencies extend into the multi-GHz range, surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters are needed to meet the design objectives. An engineer I worked with (and whose name I have forgotten) once remarked to about electronic filters (and he was serious): “like […]
MRI, Part 2: Historical development (and lawsuits)
The modern MRI system is an amazing blend of diverse technologies, based on the realization that a small but critical aspect of the spin of hydrogen nuclei could be leveraged to provide a safe, non-invasive way to see inside a human body. Part 2 of this FAQ looks at the physics and other advances that […]
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Part 1: How it works
The modern MRI system is an amazing blend of diverse technologies, based on the realization that a small but critical aspect of the spin of hydrogen nuclei could be leveraged to provide a safe, non-invasive way to see inside a human body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an extraordinarily valuable and vital tool for non-invasive […]
Optical amplifiers, Part 2: Basic implementations
Part 1 of this FAQ began an overview into the arcane world of all-optical amplifiers including where and why they are needed. Part 2 will briefly describe the four types and identify the two most commonly used for optical-fiber link signal boosting. Q: How “accurate” will this presentation be? A: Frankly, it will have large-scale […]
Optical amplifiers, Part 1: Applications and considerations
We can now amplify electronic signals from low frequencies to the multi-GHz range without too much difficulty, but amplifying a stream of photons such as in an optical fiber has a very different meaning and is a challenge with no single or easy solution – but it is being done. Electronic and optics technologies are […]
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